5 Smith SJ, Ellis E, White S, Moore AP.

Post stroke spasticity management with repeated botulinum injections in the upper limb.

4 Lagalla G, Danni M, Reiter F, Ceravolo MG, Provinciali L.

Botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of upper limb spasticity: a randomized double blind, placebo controlled trial.

3 Simpson DM, Alexander DN, O’Brien CF, Tagliati M, Aswad AS, Leon JM, Gibson J, Mordaunt JM, Monaghan EP.

Intramuscular injection of botulinum toxin for the treatment of wrist and finger spasticity after stroke.

2 Brashear A, Gordon MF, Elovic E, Kassicieh VD, Marciniak C, Do M, Lee CH, Jenkins S, Turkel C Botox Post-Stroke Spasticity Study Group.Clinicophysiologic concepts of spasticity and motor dysfunction in adults with an upper motoneuron lesion. The possible mechanisms of action of ESWT are discussed. There were no adverse events associated with ESWT.Ĭonclusions- ESWT reduces hypertonia of the wrist and finger muscles for ≥12 weeks after treatment.

At 12 weeks after therapy, 10 of the 20 patients showed persistent reduction in muscle tone. At the 1- and 4-week follow-up visits, a significant decrease of passive muscle tonicity was noted on muscles in all patients receiving active treatment. Results- After active ESWT, patients showed greater improvement in flexor tone of wrist and fingers compared with placebo stimulation. Patients were monitored at 1, 4, and 12 weeks after active treatment. Motor nerve conduction velocity from abductor digiti minimi were recorded. Evaluation was performed using the National Institutes of Health and Ashworth scales and video monitoring with a digital goniometer before and immediately after placebo or active stimulation. Placebo stimulation was performed 1 week before active stimulation in each patient.

Methods- A total of 20 patients affected by stroke associated with severe hypertonia in upper limbs were evaluated. The effect and duration of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) was investigated on muscle hypertonia of the hand and wrist. Shock waves are defined as a sequence of single sonic pulses largely used in the treatment of diseases involving bone and tendon as well as muscular contractures.

Customer Service and Ordering Informationīackground and Purpose- Spasticity is a disabling complication of stroke and different noninvasive treatments are used to reduce muscle hypertonia.

Journal of the American Heart Association (JAHA).

Stroke: Vascular and Interventional Neurology.

Circ: Cardiovascular Quality & Outcomes.

Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology (ATVB).

Burger shop 2 shockwave